[1] Whether the fact that a foreign judgment is obtained by fraudulent means constitutes a ground for refusal of recognition or execution of the foreign judgment (affirmative with qualification)
[2] The test for determining an existence of ""reciprocity guarantee"" as provided by Article 217 Item 4 of the Civil Procedure Act and whether the existence of reciprocity guarantee is an issue to be investigated ex officio (affirmative)
[3] The case reversing the decision of the court below on the ground of premature decision as to the issue of an existence of reciprocity guarantee between our country and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands a US self-governed territory
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